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Chemical Properties |
It is colorless liquid with alcohol odor. At 20 ℃, its solubility in water is 7.7% (by weight) while the water solubility in 1-butanol was 20.1% (by weight). It is miscible with ethanol, ether and other kinds of organic solvents. |
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Application |
It can be used as chromatography analysis reagents and also applied to organic synthesis, etc.
Butanol is the allowable food flavors documented in the "food additives health standards" of our country. It is mainly used for the preparation of food flavors of bananas, butter, cheese and whiskey. For the candy, the usage amount should be 34mg / kg; for baked foods, it should be 32mg / kg; for soft drinks, it should be 12mg / kg; for cold drinks, it should be 7.0mg / kg; for the cream, it should be 4.0mg / kg; for alcohol, it should be 1.0mg / kg.
Butanol can be used as the intermediates of herbicide 2,4-D butyl ester, butachlor, fluazifop and fluazifop P butyl.
GB 2760-96 provides it be the food flavor allowed by using it. It can be mainly used for the preparation of bananas, butter, cheese, whiskey and other flavor. It can also be used as extraction-purpose solvent and pigment diluent.
It is mainly used for the manufacture of the n-butyl plasticizers of phthalic acid, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and phosphoric acid that are widely applied to various kinds of plastic and rubber products. It can also be used as the raw material of producing butyraldehyde, butyric acid, butyl-amine and butyl lactate in the field of organic synthesis. It can also be used as the extraction agent of oil, drugs (such as antibiotics, hormones and vitamins) and spices as well as the alkyd paint additives. It can be used as the solvent of organic dyes and printing ink and de-waxing agent.
It can be used for the production of the plasticizers of butyl acetate, dibutyl phthalate and phosphate and can also be used in the production of melamine resin, crylic acid, and epoxy varnish, etc. |
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Production method |
There are several methods for their preparation.
Fermentation
In the past, the production of butanol has also used potatoes, grain or sugar as raw material and through their hydrolysis fermentation. The resulting product from the fermentation broth contains a butanol content of 54.8% ~ 58.5%, acetone content of 30.9% ~ 33.7%, and the ethanol content of 7.8% -14.2%. With the development of petrochemical industry, fermentation method has been gradually phased out. The reaction equation is as follows: (C6H10O5) n [n (H2O)] → [strain] n-C6H12O6 [fermentation] → CH3COCH3 + C4H9OH + C2H5OH
The resulted fermentation broth was further fractionated to obtain acetone, ethanol and n-butanol separately.
Acetaldehyde method
Take acetaldehyde as raw material, add dilute alkali solution to give 2- hydroxybutyraldehyde at temperature below 20 ℃ with the reaction being stopped upon reaching 50%. Use alkali to neutralize the acid and recycle the unreacted acetaldehyde and extract the 2- hydroxybutyraldehyde. Then use acidic catalyst such as sulfuric acid and acetic acid for dehydration to obtain crotonaldehyde at 105 ~ 137 ℃, then use copper complex catalyst for hydrogenation at 160 ~ 240 ℃ to obtain the crude butyraldehyde and 1-butanol with distillation to obtain the products. CH3CH = CHCHO + H2 [catalyst] CH3CH2CH2CHO + CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
Its synthesis method including the following several ways:
Fermentation and Propylene carbonyl synthesis
Put propylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen to the catalytic bed for reaction with catalyst being zeolite for absorbing cobalt salt or fatty acid cobalt with the reaction temperature being 130 ~ 160 ℃ and the reaction pressure being 20 ~ 25MPa. The reaction can generate n-butyraldehyde and iso-butyraldehyde with separation via distillation and further catalytic hydrogenation of the n-butyraldehyde to obtain the 1-butanol. CH3CH2CH2CHO + H2 → CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
You can alternatively use low pressure method with first-step method of propylene, carbon monoxide and water for synthesizing the butanol with the reaction temperature being 100 ~ 104 ℃ and pressure being 1.5MPa. It applies the mixture of iron pentacarbonyl, n-butyl pyrrolidine and water. However, the one-way conversion of the propylene is low with only 8% to 10%. Reaction equation: CH3CH = CH2 + 3CO + 2H2O → n-C4H9OH + 2CO2 |
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Category |
Flammable liquid |
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Toxicity grading |
poisoning |
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Acute toxicity |
oral- rat LD50: 790 mg / kg; intraperitoneal - Mouse LD50: 603 mg / kg |
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Irritation data |
Skin- Rabbit 20 mg / 24 hours of moderate; Eyes - rabbit 2 mg / 24 hours of severe |
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Chemical Properties |
Colorless liquid |
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Hazardous characteristics of explosive |
it is explosive when mixed with air; |
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Usage |
Suitable for HPLC, spectrophotometry, environmental testing |
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Flammability and hazard characteristics |
it is flammable in case of fire, high temperature and oxidant; it release irritation smoke when exposed to heat |
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Storage characteristics |
Treasury: ventilation, low-temperature and drying; Store it separately from oxidizing agents, chromium trioxide, and aluminum |
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Extinguishing agent |
Dry powder, water spray, carbon dioxide, foam |
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Professional standards |
TWA 300 mg / m3 |
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General Description |
Colorless liquid. Used in organic chemical synthesis, plasticizers, detergents, etc. |
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Air & Water Reactions |
Highly flammable. Soluble in water. |
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Reactivity Profile |
1-Butanol attacks plastics. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Mixtures with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. May form explosive butyl hypochlorite by reacting with hypochlorous acid. May form butyl explosive butyl hypochlorite with chlorine. |
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Health Hazard |
Anesthesia, nausea, headache, dizziness, irritation of respiratory passages. Mildly irritating to the skin and eyes. |
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Fire Hazard |
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. |
China (Mainland)
